Feminism Voice in Male Indian Authors

feminist movement Voice in Male Indian AuthorsFeminism Voice in Male Indian AuthorsLiterary works attest avant-garde constructs which often become the basis of revolutionary social transformations. They non wholly embrace in themselves the social, cultural or mythical backgrounds of their indigen land, but a deal expose the fragments of alienation present in antithetic segments of human life and its predicament. Literature therefore has always been an effective vehicle of fundamental changes. To a large extent, the popularity of feminist ethics in India has in like manner been generated by the new image of women presented by literary writers in their works. The abolition of certain evil practices against women in the preceding centuries had also created a such(prenominal) needed awargonness in the society for im dowerying a separate status to women. It was during the British rule in India that some(prenominal) relevant changes were do in order to ameliorate the pathetic condition of women. The Viceroy passe-partout William Bentik banned Sati in 1829. Social reformers like Raja Rammohan Roy had also back up this move. Similarly, remarriage of widows was sanctioned in 1856 and in 1929 a law was passed prohibiting child marriage. The just slightly difficult task in India at that time was to educate women, because lonesome(prenominal) a few women belonging to the families of zamindars were able to receive basic education. more teachers, as well as social workers, considered it a necessity and started many educational institutions for women. In 1850s Ishwarchand Vidyasagar started many primary schools in the villages of Bengal. Arya Samaj, founded by Swami Dayanand, also propagated womens education. John Drinkwater Bethune established the first womens college in India in Calcutta in 1849. In 1851 Jotiba Phule came forward to educate the scheduled caste girls in Poona. Since then there has been no looking back, as women also started utter for educ ation for which they had been indifferent for ages. These attempts provided the much needed impetus and Indian fair sex took a hesitant step towards social emancipation. spelly great Indian women writers appe ard on the scene who represented the educated group of Indian women. Toru Dutt, Cornelia Sorabji, Shevantibai Nikambe, Krupabai Santhianathan and Smt. Swarnkumari Ghosal atomic number 18 some of the prominent women writers of this time.But there are few prominent writers like Rabindranath Tagore and R.K. Narayan , who potrayed women in a different way. Homen Borgchain , Narayan Sanyal , Bimal Mitra, N. Mitra , Prem Chand, Yashpal, Nagar, Ashoka, also wrote about this under-privileged class, critically reflecting the general inhumane practices and atrocities in their work. Though the English prose writing in India was started by Raja Rammohan Roy, the novels of Bankim Chandra and Lal Behari Day are accepted as the first unquestionable examples of fictional writing in Englis h. Mantagini, the female protagonist of Bankim Chandras Rajamohans wife (1864), is a fair sex who values her feelings and affirms her individuality. She represents those Indian women who protest against naturalized mores and break the barriers of self-abnegation and denial. Lal Behari Days Govinda Samanta is a realistic novel, which describes the socio-economic changes occurring in contemporary society. Women characters of the novel Aduri, a widow who kowtows to evil practices related with women and Malati, a rebellious woman who is not ready to succumb to the atrocities of her mother-in-law form only a part of the plot which adroitly demonstrates the leap from traditional to raw womanhood. The next generation of writers which appeared just before the Second World War, i.e., in the 1930s, picked up existing social customs and constraints as themes of their work. The first study thrust in Indian English writing came in the mid-1930s when the big trio R.K. Narayan, Mulk Raj Anand and Raja Rao appeared on the scene. Their work created an awareness about the emerging Indo-English literature. R.K. Narayan and Bhabhani Bhattacharya portrayed modern women protagonists like Rosie in Guide and Kajoli in So Many Hungers respectively. Mulk Raj Anand and Raja Rao also delineated sensitive women characters in their novels. R.K. NarayanR.K. Narayan has depicted two kinds of women characters one group possesses a traditional mind-set, tour the other seeks freedom from constricting social norms. The conventional group contains women who are devoted mothers, aunts, grandmothers and wives like the wives of Margayya (The Financial Expert), Srinivas and Sampath (Mr. Sampath) and Natraj. Though R.K. Narayan has portrayed some truehearted women protagonists, yet in most of his novels women are not treated with equality. Bhabhani BhattacharyaBhabhani Bhattacharyas novels possess round women characters who are integral to the development of the plot. His women characters, tho ugh somewhat dominated by their male counterparts and patriarchal customs, are still teeming of life and hope to baffle a better future. Kajoli in So Many Hungers, Meera in A Goddess Named Gold, Sumita in Shadow from Ladakh are approbatory women. To Bhattacharya, women are a source of strength and thus their contribution is probative not only to their families, but also to their country.Raja Rao and Mulk Raj AnandRaja Rao and Mulk Raj Anand take not taken up the theme of womens emancipation independently. Their novels repress on the socio-economic issues of their times, exposing the harsh facts and realities of life. Feminist issues are only a part of their overriding concerns. However Anands protagonist Gauri in The Old Man and the Cow is a fine example of his idea of emancipated woman. advance(a) age is considered to be the age of feminism. The women in the modern period have crossed the barriers of society. They have proved their equality to their male counterparts. The modern women are not Feminism is a kind of revolt of women against social conventions. fair(prenominal) consciousness is, of course, consciousness of females for equality with males. Rabindranath TagoreAn attempt has been made to focus on the feminism reflected in Tagores Chitra, NatirPuja and Chandalika in this paper. In good olden days, a womanwas considered as sub ordinate and parasite. She was not independent to lead her life. The rights of woman were completely neglected. Rabindranath Tagore has brought out his women out of the kitchen and placed them in the active menstruation of life. Feminism in Rabindranath Tagore challenges the traditional view of woman as the weaker sex. flora CitedBetty F. 1984.The Feminine Mystique. A Laurel Book newborn York,Betty F. 1984.The Feminine Mystique. New York A Laurel Book,Dass VN. 1995.Feminism and Literature. New Delhi Prestige Books,Dwivedi AN. 1987.Studies in Contemporary Indian allegory in English. Allahabad Kitab Mahal,Harex SC . 1972.The Fire and the Offering The English Language sweet of India 1935-1970. Calcutta Writers Workshop,Harex SC. 1977.The Modern Indian Novel in English. Calcutta Writers Workshop,Jain Naresh K. 1998.Women in Indo-Anglian Fiction Tradition and Modernity. New Delhi Manohar Publishers and Distributors,Juliet M. 1991.Women The Longest Revolution, From Feminism to Liberation. Schekman Cambridge,