Friday, May 31, 2019

Blood Work :: essays research papers

The fictional novel I decided to read was called Blood Work written by Michael Connelly. The book is pretty a great deal about(predicate) a FBI agent, retired because of his recent heart transplant surgery, he is living a retired life on his boat by himself when a girl named Graciela Rivers shows up. She tells the principal(prenominal) character, Terry Mcaleb that his new heart is from her recently murdered sister, Gloria Torres and asks Terry to come out of retirement to find out who murdered her sister.I really like this book because it had a very interesting story line with many twists and turns along the mien. The story follows Terry in his search for Glorias murderer. Along the way he gets many leads such as 2 previous unsolved cases of people murdered in cold blood for no apparent reason. passim the book almost all of the leads that were talked about turned out to be useless I found this to be a waste of space. But later the bulk of the book is done Terry makes the conn ection between the other murders that all of the victims had a rare blood display case, the same rare blood type which made it so difficult for him to find a heart for his surgery. After this point the books story starts to pick up again and it all comes together when he finds out that all 3 of the murders were committed by one of the serial cause of deaths he never caught as an FBI agent known as the formula killer. The code killer killed all of these people specifically so that their organs would be put up for donation and Terry would get a new heart, the killer wanted him to live because of him. The book comes to a really good ending where all of the loose ends are tied up.What I did not like about this book was all of the wasted space and time. The book itself had a really good story but could have been told much better. I found that later the problem was stated at the start of the book it all just turned into Terry going after the same useless leads oer and over again. The author could have left all of that out of the book and it would have been much more exciting instead of getting the feeling of dragging on until near the end when it picks up again.

Thursday, May 30, 2019

The Impact of Technology Upon Education Essay -- Mainstreaming Technol

The Impact of Technology Upon EducationAs the years go on, technology has become such a indispensability to chance(a) life in the average persons life. Whether you live here, there, or anywhere, technology is apparent and has become such an integral part of everyday life to the point that we cannot imagine life without it. Technology is used in both the private and the public life of every person. In private lives we be in possession of our computers, our microwaves, our palm pilots, ovens, TVs, cell phones, VCRs, DVD players and much, much more. In our public lives we hit checkout scanners, security cameras, security alarms, car alarms, and so much more. What many of us do not realize is that another benefit of technology is doful with the growing rate of inclusion. There are so many products out on the market today to help disabled quite a little to integrate with the mainstream and have the same benefits as we do.One of the most interesting pieces of technology that I have found for disabled people is iCommunicator. This product is mainly used for the deaf and hard of hearing so that they would not always have to have a translator. It gives them more independence in the workplace or at school. It also has been used with children as young as preschoolers to determine the literacy development and as an first diagnosis for hearing loss in young children. This program converts speech to text, speech to picture show sign language, speech to computer-generated voice, text to computer-generated voice or video sign language. This program has a speech -to-text translation rate of a 90% spectacularer accuracy in less time than its predecessors. 1 Its remarkable features take on auto save, menus, on screen buttons, a vocabulary library that includes m... ...udents. The children whether they be blind, deaf, learning disabled etc now have ways to connect with other people and will be able to fit into the rest of society much easier and finding a job when he or she gets older will not be such a big problem. So many of the original obstacles have been overcome due to the increase of technology.Technology has become a great asset to teaching others and aiding people to do things they had never thought possible, whether it be a blind or deaf person getting an office job, or getting an A if you were a learning disabled student. I never knew that there were so many products available on the common market to help those people to integrate with the mainstream population both in school and at the workplace. Technology has definitely become a positive tool for not whole the mainstream public but for the disabled as well.

Wednesday, May 29, 2019

September 11 and America’s Careless Diplomacy Essay -- September 11 Te

For the past century, Americans have viewed the United States as standing as a symbol of strength, freedom, and prosperity. Recently, however, this perceived symbol of a higher society has been directly attacked by those who strongly disagree with the values projected by the United States. This is the first time since the Cold War that the positioning of America has even been headwayed. The most deliberating issue resulting from this atrocity has been how America should retaliate, or if the US should even retaliate at all. Within the past few weeks this question has been answered by actions from Washington. This action, however, has caused the emergence of even more questions. There are many deeply rooted problems to address that go beyond mere retaliation. To begin to cultivate these problems, the origins of conflict between America and the Middle East must first be addressed. It has been stated over and over again by politicians and journalists since September 11, that malign terrorists have attacked American values and institutions and Western civilization as a whole. However, as more time unfolds, this seems more and more like an overly alter patriotic statement, and the real reason for the attack has become increasingly apparent the acts of Al-Qaida were not an attack on American society, but an attack on US foreign policy. Bombing a few terrorist training camps may serve as a deserved immediate solution and a illuminance that revenge has been sought however it will not put an end to the alienations American foreign policies have created. A resolve to this war will require diplomatic measures and ultimate compromises, which will begin to undo the chaos the US has contributed in the Middle East. This turmoil can... ... Worldbook.com, Zionism and the Jewish Claim to Palestine, http//www.worldbook.com/fun/wbla/israel50/html/zion.htm Worldbook.com, The intellect of Israel Takes Shape, http//worldbook.com/fun/wbla/israel50/html/shap.htm CNN.com, Bin L aden, Millionaire With a Dangerous Grudge, Sept. 27, http//www.cnn.com/2001/US/09/12/binladen.profile/index/index.html Zmag.org, The United States and the Iran Iraq War, Shalom, Stephen R., http//www.zmag.org/zmag/articles/ShalomIranIraq.html FAS.org, Iran-Iraq War, http//www.fas.org/man/dod-101/ops/war/iran-iraq.htm Afghan-web.com, Contemporary Afghanistan- the Last Sixty Years, http//www.afghan-web.com/ narration/articles/reshtya.html Coldwar.org, Afghan War, http//www.coldwar.org/articles/70s/afghan_war.php3 Mtholyoke.edu, The Terrible Regime Taliban Rule, http//www.mtholyoke.edu/mvcarmac/taliban.html

The Net Neighborhood :: Online Communities Internet Web Essays

The Net NeighborhoodAfter allIm just a girl, standing in confront of a boy, asking him to love her.The above is my favorite quote from a exposure. I have never really thought about my favorite movie quote until I ran into the question on the teen forums website. I thought the best online community for me to cooperate would be sensation that I was interested in. I was attracted to the teen forum website which was created by the student center. I picked a message board that I knew I could participate in so that I could actively analyze the interactions between throng. Therefore, I picked the movie message board which discusses anything from new movies to favorite movie kiss. The choices are pretty much endless. The name of the website is http//teenforums.studentcenter.org. The boards are touch on up so that you squeeze out choose topics you are interested in. Once you have done that you can read and respond to them. It is a great vogue to converse with plurality who love movies. I believe that people use online communities such as this one for comfort, support, or informational reasons.I visited the website every day, some clippings to a greater extent often then that. As I did this, I observed certain things, for example, what kinds of questions people asked one another. I found it interesting how often people would carry through and respond to each other. From what I observed, questions were answered within minutes. The reason why responses were answered so quickly is that people modify to the message board just want people to talk to. For example, someone asked What is everyones favorite movie? Specifically, I noticed that I talk on the message boards when I had a lot of time on my hands or if I felt like talking to people. So right away(predicate) I realized why online communities serve as a comfort. I created a diary for every time that I checked the online message board. I studied and analyzed certain aspects that probably wou ld not strike the common person who uses the online community. The diary is as followsThursday February 13th, 648 p.m. I beginning checked the website during class. I looked at all the topics that people were talking about under the movie message board.The Net Neighborhood Online Communities Internet Web EssaysThe Net NeighborhoodAfter allIm just a girl, standing in front of a boy, asking him to love her.The above is my favorite quote from a movie. I have never really thought about my favorite movie quote until I ran into the question on the teen forums website. I thought the best online community for me to join would be one that I was interested in. I was attracted to the teen forum website which was created by the student center. I picked a message board that I knew I could participate in so that I could actively analyze the interactions between people. Therefore, I picked the movie message board which discusses anything from new movies to favorite movie kiss. The choi ces are pretty much endless. The name of the website is http//teenforums.studentcenter.org. The boards are set up so that you can choose topics you are interested in. Once you have done that you can read and respond to them. It is a great way to converse with people who love movies. I believe that people use online communities such as this one for comfort, support, or informational reasons.I visited the website every day, sometimes more often then that. As I did this, I observed certain things, for example, what kinds of questions people asked one another. I found it interesting how often people would write and respond to each other. From what I observed, questions were answered within minutes. The reason why responses were answered so quickly is that people contributing to the message board just want people to talk to. For example, someone asked What is everyones favorite movie? Specifically, I noticed that I talk on the message boards when I had a lot of time on my hands or if I felt like talking to people. So right away I realized why online communities serve as a comfort. I created a diary for every time that I checked the online message board. I studied and analyzed certain aspects that probably would not strike the common person who uses the online community. The diary is as followsThursday February 13th, 648 p.m. I first checked the website during class. I looked at all the topics that people were talking about under the movie message board.

Tuesday, May 28, 2019

Poe :: essays research papers

What is the total effect of a story? The total effect of a storyis the specific response an author expects to get from his/her readers. In"The Tell-Tale Heart," by Edgar Allen Poe, is complete and total horror.The setting, plot, character and even point of view contribute to thistotal effect of horror.The setting contributes to this total effect in some(prenominal) differentways. All of the shudders in the house were closed, so no virtuoso could curbanything from the outside in or the inside out. This was scary because noone ever knew what went on in that house except the old man with thegoogily eye and the murderer. The house was old and creaky, and, during themidnight hours, was pitch black. This creaky old house is a classic forhorror stories and films, so it definitely adds to the total effect.The plot also gives that same feeling of horror. The way themurderer watched the old man night later night, for hours at a time. Yougot the total effect of horror when he flippe d the bed onto the old man,and then chopped him into little tiny pieces and hid him the floorboards.Then the police came to see about a scream that was reported earlier. Theman led them through the house, claiming that the old man was out of townfor a art object. He finally sit down in the exact spot where the old man hadbeen buried under the floorboards. What eventually made the man confess towhat he had done when he imagined that he heard the old mans heart beatingfrom under the floorboards. It got louder and louder until finally hethought they(the officers)were just driving him insane and they heard theheart to and they must have heard it until he just jumped up, ripped offthe floorboards and said "I did it, I killed him," pointing at the piecesof the man.Characterization is the biggest part of the total effect of horror.The man seemed typical enough, except for the fact that the old mans"vulture eye" made a little crazy. He was very normal, until the "eye& quotdrove him to stalking the man while he was asleep, and then finally killedhim. At the beginning of the story, or the end, whichever you would liketo call it, it was the beginning, and the end, he kept saying "IM NOTMAD," it was sort of, well, a psycho thing to say after chopping someoneinto little pieces and hiding them in the floorboards, that kind of told

Poe :: essays research papers

What is the total nub of a story? The total effect of a storyis the specific response an author expects to get from his/her readers. In"The Tell-Tale Heart," by Edgar Allen Poe, is complete and total horror.The setting, plot, character and even point of view conduce to thistotal effect of horror.The setting contributes to this total effect in several differentways. All of the shudders in the house were closed, so no one could actualiseanything from the outside in or the inside out. This was scary because noone ever knew what went on in that house except the senescent man with thegoogily core and the murderer. The house was ancient and creaky, and, during themidnight hours, was pitch black. This creaky old house is a classic forhorror stories and films, so it definitely adds to the total effect.The plot also gives that like feeling of horror. The way themurderer watched the old man night after night, for hours at a time. Yougot the total effect of horror when he flippe d the bed onto the old man,and then chopped him into wee tiny pieces and hid him the floorboards.Then the police came to see about a scream that was reported earlier. Theman led them through the house, claiming that the old man was out of townfor a while. He finally sat down in the exact spot where the old man hadbeen buried on a lower floor the floorboards. What eventually made the man confess towhat he had done when he imagined that he heard the old mans heart beatingfrom under the floorboards. It got louder and louder until finally hethought they(the officers)were just driving him insane and they heard theheart to and they must have heard it until he just jumped up, ripped offthe floorboards and said "I did it, I killed him," pointing at the piecesof the man.Characterization is the biggest part of the total effect of horror.The man seemed normal enough, except for the fact that the old mans"vulture eye" made a little crazy. He was very normal, until the "eye "drove him to stalking the man while he was asleep, and then finally killedhim. At the beginning of the story, or the end, whichever you would liketo name it, it was the beginning, and the end, he kept saying "IM NOTMAD," it was sort of, well, a psycho thing to say after chopping someoneinto little pieces and hiding them in the floorboards, that conformation of told

Monday, May 27, 2019

Assessment method †Written Questions Essay

Criteria 1.4 State why and when health and pencil eraser control equipment, identified by the principles of protection, should be utilise relating to types, conclude and limitations of each type, the contrive situation, occupational use and the general act as environment, in relation to Collective protective mea authorizedsFencing is use when access to the billet require to be prevented. They preserve be employ to prevent access to the humanity and the workers making them use a designated entrance to settle. This go forth shake up original the members of the public cannot wander on to the site which could be insecure for them or the workmen. Also making the workers go in through a designated entrance would reserve everyone to be signed onto the site, so the foremen atomic matter 18 aw be of everyone who is on site. The main type of fencing is Harris fencing this can be erected with ease and speed. It prevents access to the site just now is only temporary and can be taken down as quickly as it can be put up. Harris fencing could as well as be blown over in a high odourise. Harris fencing is not always necessary as existing fencing may already be in place. A tend fence, a garden w alone or a hedgerow can be used to prevent access they can be used on their own or in conjunction with fencing. Barriers argon used to restrict access or to warn the workers of a danger.These would be used throughout the job when charm. If there is a danger such as a trench that has been dug into the ground a barrier should be used to warn mint that it is there and also to stop someone from falling down into the trench. Different types of barrier include plastic barriers and bunting which is friend up using metal pegs these atomic number 18 usually bright orange. The purpose of barriers is to restrict access and warn of dangers. They are only temporary and can be easily removed. Cones and model tape could also be used as a barrier to restrict access to a ce rtain area of the site. These are only temporary and can be easily removed. Signage comes in different colours which denote what type of reading the sign contains.Signs can be used on fencing and barriers and can be in otherwise areas of the site such as the site collide withice. dark-skinned signs contain mandatory information. These are things that everyone must(prenominal) do, they could be cogent you what type of PPE you have to wear. Red signs are prohibition notices, placeing you what you must not do such as smoke. Yellow and blackened signs contain warning information. The most common example of a warning sign is overhead cable signs. Green signs are Information signs which have information on things like scratch aid. These signs can be found in places like the site office or the site entrance. Also there is signage on packaging, these are COSHH signs and give information on how to handle that substance. Personal protective equipment (PPE)Hard hat A hard at is used when there is a danger of falling objects to protect the head from impact injuries or knocks. rough hard hats come with visors and ear defenders attached. The purpose of a hard had is to protect you from a head injury from objects falling from a scaffold, unprotect ends of a scaffold pole and other dangers. They must be warn when there is a scaffold on a site. fewtimes they can easily fall off your head but newer hard hats have a better fit. You can also yield bump caps which are light weight hard hats.Ear Defenders- Ear defenders are used when there is a loud noise on site which could damage your ears. A loud noise could come from many different things on site, it could be you cutting down a brick or a parry with a grinder, it could come from someone else using a piece of machinery. You can score ear plugs which you put into your ear which reduce the sound, these can only be used once. If you reuse them you can risk an infection by getdirt into your ear. You can also get ear defenders which go over your ears which reduce a lot of the sound out. These can be used multiple times but may also not be compatible with other PPE such as a hard hat, although you can get ear defenders that work very well with a hard hat.Eye Protection Is used when there is a risk of circularize getting into someones shopping malls or an impact injury to the eye. There are different types of eye protection, safety goggles are made of a durable plastic and will stop both dissipate and flying debris from harming your eyes. Safety spectacles only protect your eyes from flying debris, these can be used when there is not a lot of dust for example cutting a brick with a bolster. Face masks are a rigid plastic visor that will protect your example from flying debris. They are commonly used with garden equipment like chainsaws and strimmers. They will not protect you from fine dust particles.Gloves Gloves are needed when there is a risk of damaging your hands or getting a chemical on them. Gloves differ in design, material and thickness. The correct glove should be chosen for the job after taking into account the feasible risks. There are many different types of glove, from lighter material gloves which would be suitable if you are doing brickwork to heavier gloves that could be coated in different substances to give justification to chemicals.You must also think closely if you are going to need gloves that will protect your hands from cuts if you are doing a job and you are handling something that is sharp. Gloves will only have a certain lifespan as they will degrade through ware and tare or through give with a chemical substance. Gloves must fit the drug user well as not to hinder his ability to work well and also his dexterity which could strike him more likely to drop something.Safety boots- Most building sites will require you to always wear safety boots. Safety boots have a vane toe cap and a very tough sole. This will give the wearer protecti on from falling objects and also from standing on nails and other things. They also try a sole with plenty of grip to help prevent slips. You can also get wellington boots that have steel toe caps which also stay fresh your feet dry. Respiratory protective equipment (RPE)Respiratory protective equipment is used to prevent a worker from breathing in dust or fumes that may be hazardous. There are various types but the most commonly used type of RPE is a dust mask. These are light weight and comfortable and wanton to fit. However, they will not offer any protection from toxic dust or fumes. Most dust masks are only effective for a piddling period and then they need replacing. Respirators have removable filters, which can be replaced.You can get different filters which do different jobs, some protect the user from toxic dust and some protect the user from fumes. Also you can get respirators which cover the whole face which provide more protection. If you are working in an area with low oxygen you should choose breathing apparatus with an standard atmosphere supply. You must ensure that the dust mask is correct for the job and provides the appropriate protection. You also must ensure that the mask is a good fit to the person who is wearing it. A poor fit will result in a poor seal allowing dust and fumes to get in. Local exhaust ventilation (LEV).Exposure to dust and to fumes can be libellous to quite a littles health. It can cause asthma, lung scaring and cancer. Therefore local exhaust ventilation systems are put in place to extract the carriageborne dust and fumes. There are different types of LEV and care must be taken to choose the most effective type for a particular job or machine.Most LEV systems simply suck the dust and fumes out of the air before they reach a worker. Some of them will also have a hood fitted which will help contain the dust and fumes as they are being sucked away. Water can stop dust from taking to the air in the first place, on some tools you can fit a body of water supply, such as a grinder where the blade is kept laughable piece you are cutting to keep the dust down. Sometimes just opening windows and doors will allow the dust to escape and clear the air. .Criteria 1.5 State how the health and safety control equipment relevant to the work should be used in accordance with the given instructions.Collective protective measures should be installed and used only by peoplewho have received adequate information, instruction and training. This will help prevent something like a Harris fence from blowing down in a wind because it wasnt properly secured. The signage would have to be put up correctly to a demoralise a mistake being made so this would have to be done by someone who knows all the correct information.PPE should be in good condition and be well looked after by the user. The correct PPE should be chosen and correctly faltering for each job, also you should ensure the PPE is compatible eg. Does the hard hat stop you from being able to wear your ear defenders? The PPE that is worn should be decided after thinking about the possible hazards.RPE used should be suitable to the job at hand, the user needs to think about if they need protection from toxic dust, fumes or if there will be a short supply in oxygen. Choosing the right mask is the first step and making sure it is a correct fit is the second. Fit testing is the best way to rent sure a mask fits you properly, this should be carried out by someone who is qualified. Facial hair could stop you being able to get a tight seal and causing contaminated air to seep in. You should regularly replace filters on your mask and always check the correct filter for the job is fitted. You should store your mask in a clean, dust free area.LEV that is needed will vary depending on the task that you are doing. If you are sweeping a room indoors opening the doors and windows will allow most of the dust to escape. If you are using a grinder to cut a block or a piece of slate you could pour water on to it or add a water supply to keep the dust down. You could also do it outside. If you worked in joinery you could get a good LEV supplier to advise you on the best LEV system to ventilate your machines. Employees should be knowledgeable in how to use LEV.Criteria 1.6 State which types of health, safety and welfare legislation, notices and warning signs are relevant to the occupational area and associated equipment.The Health and safety Law poster should be posted up somewhere, this could bein the site office, with the name of the dexterous first aider on it. There will be signage in green which are information signs. Such as a first aid sign.Blue signs tell people what they must do while on site. It could be information on what type of PPE must be worn.Red signs are probation signs telling people things they must not do, this could be no smoking signs or a no entry except to authorised personal sign.Yellow signs are warnin g signs. They warn people of dangers that they need to be aware off. This could be a sign warning you of overhead cables or a sign warning you that there is heavy plant machinery operating on site.There will be signs on machinery and power tools saying what items of PPE need to be worn while operating them. Signs will be on the packaging of harmful substances stating what PPE should be worn and what precautions should take place when using them.There will also be COSHH signs on the bottle or packaging of many different substances. These will tell the user what precautions they need to take while handling the substance or what they have to do if there is a chemical spill and how to neutralize it.Criteria 1.7 State why health, safety and welfare legislation, notices and warning signs are relevant to the occupational area. They are there to protect the work force from hazards and the dangers by informing people that these hazards and dangers exist, keeping people safe. They are also re levant because the signs inform people of what safety measures they need to take eg. PPE. Health and safety procedures and locations of things like the first aid office are and also the name of the trained first aider on signs.Criteria 1.8 State how to comply with control measures that have been identified by risk assessments and safe systems of work.The information and control measures that have been identified by risk assessments will be made available to everyone to read. You can read the mission statement which is that plan of action or you could be told verbally. You must follow these orders and work in the way that is instructed. Also there is information on machinery and tools, which will instruct you on how to work in a safe manner. COSHH signs on substances must also be followed to work in a safe way.Criteria 2.2 List typical hazards associated with the work environment and occupational area in relation to resources, substances, asbestos, equipment, obstructions, storage, s ervices and work activities.Resources can become a hazard if they are improperly stacked. Materials such as bricks and blocks must be stacked in a safe and electrostatic way, eg. Not too high. Care must be taken when moving resources. MHO (manual handling operations) need to be implied properly to make sure all lifting is done safely.Substances such as cement, lime and other chemicals and solvents can damage skin causing burns, dermatitis and other skin problems. Some chemicals and solvents could potentially present a fire risk so must be stored in a suitable way.Asbestos is found in lots of older buildings. It is at its most dangerous when it is disturbed. The fibres are inhaled and can cause severe damage to the lungs and death. When discovered asbestos should only be removed by a licensed contractor.Equipment can cause hazards if used improperly. Cutting tools and saws can be dangerous because you could cut of a finger or something worse. Some equipment can be loud enough to dam age your ears. Some tools which produce a lot of vibration such as a breaker can cause white finger.Obstructions are a hazard because people can trip over them, also if they are blocking a fire escape it could be dangerous.If things are not stored correctly they could be runny and fall over and hurt someone. Also certain materials must be stored under specific condition. Some materials present a fire risk.Care must be taken not to damage any services. If you are digging and you hit a gas or electric main it could be potentially dangerous. They should have warning tape above them but this is not always the case. Also if you are improperly trained you could be electrocuted if you attempt electrical work.Some work activities present a risk such as climbing ladders and work on a roof or scaffold. Also when machinery such as diggers are on site you must be careful.Criteria 2.3 List the current Health and Safety Executive top ten safety risks.Fall off ladderFall through roofLifting opera tionsStruck by plantOverturning plant fall from scaffoldFall through an internal voidAsphyxiation poisoningCrushed by falling excavationMEWP crushing entrapmentCriteria 2.4 List the current Health and Safety Executive top five health risks.Exposure to asbestosExposure to silicaManual handlingExposure to excessive noiseExposure to excessive vibrationCriteria 2.5 State how changing circumstances within the workplace could cause hazards.If things change and not everyone is aware of these changes then people could get injured. For example if a hand rail is removed on a scaffold someone could fall off. A newly dug trench could become a hazard if someone who didnt know it was there went shape up it then they could fall in, this could become more dangerous if metal pegs have been driven into the ground.Criteria 2.6 State the methods used for reporting changed circumstances, hazards and incidents in the workplace. insurance coverage change in circumstances and hazards can be done at a too l lash talk, or you could bring them up as soon as they resurrect to the site manager and to the other workers. Incidents at work including injury and death should be reported. There are regulations in place (RIDDOR) making sure these things are reported. Accidents should be recorded in the accident book with information about the incident, where it took place and the date. If an accident causes someone to have an injury leaving them unable to work for more than three days they must inform the HSE.Criteria 3.6 State the organisational policies and procedures for health, safety and welfare, in relation to Dealing with accidents and emergencies associated with the work and environment The HSE try to reduce the number of accidents and emergencies that occur in the work place. They also tell people what types of injury should be reported and how to report them. Methods of receiving or sourcing informationThe HSE has a website that is very instructive for both employers and employees on many things such as a COSHH and MHO. You can also request advice from them. You could also read the Health And Safety At officiate Act (HASAWA 1974). ReportingThe HSE has regulations set in place called the Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations (RIDDOR). These regs make sure that everything is properly reported. Stopping workThe HSE sends inspectors onto sites and he is able to make people stop work while something that could be a hazard is made safe again. EvacuationThe HSE can send inspector on site and if he is not happy with what he sees he is able to close down the site by providing a prohibition notice. He will tell them how to make the site safe and what needs to be done to get it up and running again safely. Fire risks and safe exit proceduresEmployers must state out a fire safety risk assessment and keep it up to date. They also need to ensure that adequate and appropriate fire safety measures are in place to minimise the risk of injury or loss of life in the event of a fire. Consultation and feedback.Tool box talks are carried out so that people can give instructions to others and also for people to give feedback on possible hazards such as a scaffolding has being altered.Criteria 3.7 State the appropriate types of fire extinguishers relevant to the work.Water, run dry powder, Foam and CO2.Criteria 3.8 State how and when the different types of fire extinguishers are used in accordance with legislation and official guidance.Not all fire extinguishers are suitable for putting out all types of fire.For example if you spray water on an electric fire it could make it a lot worse. Below is a list of what types of extinguisher is suitable for what type of fire.Water Paper , Wood, Textiles, FabricDry powder Paper, wood textiles and fabric. Flammable liquids. Flammable gases. Oils and fats. Electrical hazard. Foam Paper, wood textiles and fabric. Flammable gases. Oils and fats. CO2 Flammable liquids. Flammable gases. O ils and fats. Electrical hazard.You must make sure when using a CO2 extinguisher in a confined space that you have sufficient fresh air. You could use breathing apparatus to make sure you are safe.Criteria 4.2 State how personal demeanour demonstrates responsibility for general workplace health, safety and welfare, in relation to Recognising when to stop work in the face of serious and imminent danger to self and/or others How you behave when you or someone else is in danger is very important. If a scaffold has become hazardous in a high wind then you should be responsible and safe by stopping work until the scaffolding is secure. Contributing to discussions and providing feedbackContributing to discussions and providing feedback by pointing out hazards and potential risks will demonstrate you are able to spot risks and help make the workplace safe. Reporting changed circumstances and incidents in the workplace Reporting changed circumstances can prevent an accident from happening because someone wasnt aware. Legislations are in place to ensure that incidents are reported to the HSE. Making sure these are done demonstrates responsibility. Complying with the environmental requirements of the workplace Making sure things such as streams arent polluted and making sure waste iscorrectly prone of is very important.Criteria 4.3 Give examples of how the behaviour and actions of individuals could affect others within the workplace.Your behaviour could have negative effects on others. Working in an unsafe way may directly harm someone such as dropping a brick, or not putting barriers around a hole in the ground. You behaviour could also have a positive effect on your fellow workers for example you could discover a fire and help to ensure everyone is evacuated safely. Also your feedback at a toolbox talk could stop an accident from taking place.Criteria 5.2 State how security arrangements are implemented in relation toThe workplace Is surrounded by fencing stopping a nyone from wandering onto the site. There will also be lockable storage areas.The general public Will not be able to get access onto the site as it will be secured with fencing. Also there are signs put up to inform the public that they are not allowed to enter. billet personnelResources Will be locked away in containers so they cannot be stolen.

Sunday, May 26, 2019

If I Could Change 3 Things About Myself Essay

Yes, maybe you will sayHey Thats not enough I need MORE but what are the three most importance things that you decide to change? If I could change three things about myself, I signify first and foremost, I would change my desirous of food-ness. I got the stomach ache-ness when I was at Japan and tried not to eat so much. Well, to late for decline now I am eating now and just ate some ice-cream just now and ate fish chops for dinner. Well, good luck to me Secondly, I would like to change my laziness. I had been exquisite darn lazy through my whole life until now. Except for the time when my sister who is older than me by a year got to go to school and petty little me didnt get to go. So, I got so interested in learning that I read whole of my sisters textbooks.And ever since my sister knew that I knew that she was learning, made up a lame excuse and threw her homework to me and went to play some stupid computer game like MINES. Because she doesnt know how to play it, she just si mply pushes some buttons. But now, I inherited her laziness and she inherited my hardworksness and its the new(prenominal) way round than the time we were kids. Lastly, I would like to change the fact that I dont really have any talents. Im suck in studying, not really good in sports.I would want my talents to be singing, dancing and acting. So, I could just be a protactinium star when I grow up. Well, its really nice to be a star, you know, with people fan boy and fan girling you. You just sing, which you awesomely have ample talent at and you get tons of money for just ONE song you sing It would be such an awesome life Well, its probably pretty obvious that nobody is going to magically materialize from thin air and grant those for me. So seems like I would just need to keep working at it.

Saturday, May 25, 2019

Infancy Through Adolescence Essay

Changes in the home environment such as matrimonial employment, divorce and brusque p atomic number 18nting piece of tail adversely make believe family dynamics, and chel argonn especially, can develop both affable and physical health problems. Research finds a correlation amidst arouseal breakup and the internalizing and externalizing problem behaviors in chelaren this includes minorishness sleep problems due to matrimonial involution. Children can help define and influence the dynamics of matrimonial conflict.Studies show that in primal childhood, heighten-child relationships are critical to a childs healthy tuition especially the mother-child relations and enate depression can set out poor parenting lead story to emotional and behavioral problems. Child maltreatment is associated with alterations in stress physiology, increased happen for emotional and behavioral issues and increased risk for mental health issues in adolescence. Positive and backup manive co- parenting can buffer against the negative effects of marital conflict and divorce especially in low-income and at-risk families.Successful co-parenting relationships can despoticly affect a childs socio-emotional development and mental health. Family dynamics and changes in the home will affect the development and well-being of a child throughout infancy or adolescence. Home environments which are dysfunctional in constitution, experiencing marital conflict, and separation/divorce or poor-parenting can cause problems at heart a childs development including mental and physical issues.Some children will internalize their problems and suffer from anxiety and depression. Others will outwardly externalize their behaviors through aggression and ex peerlessrate problems preteens are especially at risk for antisocial behavior (Taylor, Purswell, Lindo, Jayne, & Fernando, 2011 Sentse, Ormel, Veenstra, Verhulst, & Oldehinkel, 2011). In the Barry & Kochanska (2011, p. 237) study, they poin t out that dysfunctional parenting, parental depressive symptoms and marital conflict are associated with childhood adaption and development.Consistently, studies show that marital problems adversely affect child development and adjustment. As Rhoades, Leve, Harold, Neiderhiser, Shaw & Reiss (2011) state the association amid marital hostility and child adjustment is cl first established and pathways from marital hostility to child adjustment have been well studied, researched to date (p. 282).And Teti & Cole (2011) further add that faulty parenting is frequently cited as a major causal factor in the development of child psychopathology (p. 25). Emotions and Family Dynamics In Barry and Kochanska (2010) study, the authors look at family emotional well-being, the critical nature of the parent-child relationship and how this impacts a childs development. Emotions are given and received through individuals and family relationships are shaped by them family dynamics are influenced and d evelop from these relative emotions. The emotional affects are multi-dimension and reach all family members reciprocatoryly.One approach known as transactional family dynamics looks at mutual influence processes between all family members (Schermerhorn, grub & Cummings, 2010, p. 869). Although few studies have been conducted, the transactional family dynamic modal theorizes that if there are marital problems and conflict, the focus is not exclusively on the husband and wifes problems, scarce how the family children also influence the marital relationships conflict.In one rare study, it was raise that in families with high levels of marital conflict, child externalizing problems predicted increases in marital conflict (Schermerhorn et al. , 2010, p. 869) thus plunk foring the reciprocal nature in families. In support of other research, results from Schermerhorn, et al. (2010) study found that if a child is negative thence it is associated with slight marital positivity (p. 878) . Within family subsystems, the marital relationship and the parent-child relationships are without delay influenced by individual emotions and their interactions with one another.Some of these familial emotional interactions, reactions and feelings are healthy, but most are not when there is marital conflict these unhealthy emotions create a variety of outcomes for a childs development. Barry and Kochanska (2010) states, In families, emotions profoundly influence mental health of the individuals, including sense of security, coping, personal growth, competence, adjustment, behavior problems, and psychopathology, including recovery and relapse (p. 237).The emotional development, security and socialization of a child are directly related to the emotional exchange between the parent and child relationship in fact, Barry and Kockanska (2010) find that it is a critical dimension especially during the early childhood years (p. 238). Since emotional healthiness is critical to healthy fam ily relationships then unhealthy emotional states can be detrimental to a developing child causing attachment issues and possible psychopathology as they develop into adulthood. Parents emotional reactions to childrens emotions have important consequences for social and emotional development, including childrens psycho-physiological regulation, coping, emotional understanding, and intimacy quality (Barry & Kockanska, 2010, p. 237). Home Environments and Child Development Some of the variables which cause changes in the familys home environment and affect child development are marital conflict, divorce and poor parenting these changes can be to a greater extent negatively influential in lower-income environments.Family is one of the major components in human development therefore, childhood development is greatly influenced by the health of the family unit and home environment. Studies have shown that marital conflict in the family will increase the risk of adjustment problems in ch ildren additionally, marital conflicts can lead to negative parenting, such as inconsistent discipline or disengagement, putting the parent-child relationship at risk and further adding to the risk of child maladjustment (El-Sheikh & Whitson, 2006, p. 30 Peris, Goeke-Morey, Cummings, & Emery (2008), p. 633). Peris et al. 2008) finds that marital conflict is linked to a host of ineffective parenting practices, ranging from the use of inconsistent discipline to diminished displays of warmth and responsivity in the parent-child relationship (p. 633). approximately other area of concern in families with marital conflict is parentification of children in which the child takes on a parental role by providing emotional support for the parent it is a reversed role where the child takes care of the parent. In the Peris et al. study, the authors look at how parentification responsibilities can be very stressful and taxing for a shopping centre adolescent hich can cause, as previous research shows, shame, guilt, poor academic performance, increased adulthood depression and anxiety, and difficult peer relationships of which girls are at a greater risk than boys. (Peris et al. , p. 634). Peris et al. also points out that in childhood, parentification is associated with externalizing and internalizing behaviors, and poor social adjustment additionally, poor parenting practice such as psychological control where a parent will use guilt to control their childs behavior and maintain closeness will put children and adolescence at greater risk to maladjustment and behavioral problems.Additional findings from Peris et al. study show that youth and their parents perceive the parentification dynamic differently. Youth perceive the relationship as low in warmth and support but the parent perceives it as warm and close the study also concluded that the youth study group demonstrated internalizing and externalizing behaviors (p. 638) which is consistent with their hypothesis, other empirical studies and literature topics on parentification.Children from homes with high levels of conflict have more adjustment problems than children from less conflictual homes especially with prolonged marital conflict (El-Sheikh & Whitson, 2006, p. 30). marital conflict affects girls more than boys in which they have greater internalizing symptoms. El-Sheikh & Whitson (2006) explain that girls are subject to greater socialization pressures and communion especially during late childhood and adolescence this socialization process is contrary of a boy who is pushed socially to be more independent.Girls whitethorn also be more emotionally involved in the marital arguments and boys avoid the conflict by claiming their independence (p. 37). Nonetheless, marital conflict has lasting affects for both boys and girls which affects childhood, adolescence and into adulthood. Social development is at risk in children who are from homes with marital conflict, divorce or poor parenting. Bo oth-LaForce & Oxford (2008) report that an unsupportive parental environment such as found in stressful environments like single-parent homes and/or low income can cause insensitive parenting which can lead to socially withdrawn behavior in children (p. 299) many of these children who are socially withdrawn display social-cognitive deficits and unskilled behavior, their self-perceptions are negative, they are more likely to be rejected and victimized by peers, and experience loneliness and depression (p. 1298). Social learning theorists argue that marital disruption may lead children to learn angry, coercive, hostile, and even physically aggressive approaches to interpersonal problem solving (Gattis, Simpson, & Christensen, 2008, p. 833).Another area of concern in childhood development within stressful home environments is the increase risk for stress-related physical illnesses. In a study by Fabricius & Luecken (2007) they report that high family conflict, abuse, parental psychopat hology, and divorce can service to establish enduring dysregulations in the childs physiological stress responses, promoting pathophysiology in the brain and body (p. 195). Another area of concern is sleep deprivation. Marital conflict is related to disruption in a childs sleep sleep problems in children can be related to internalizing symptoms and externalizing behaviors.Additionally, children with sleep problems can also reciprocally influence the conflict between the parents. As Kelly & El-Sheikh (2011) point out marital conflict and child sleep problems may be reciprocal and cyclical exposure to marital conflict may lead to childrens sleep disruptions, which in turn may lead to increased marital conflict (p. 413). Studies have also found that sleep problems in children can lead to aggressive behaviors (Kelly & El-Sheikh, 2011, p. 413). Separation, Post-Separation and DivorceTaylor, Purswell, Lindo, Jayne, & Fernando (2011) report that children from divorce families are at a hi gher risk for emotional and behavioral problems including antisocial behavior, disruptive conduct, delinquency, aggression, anxiety, depression, feelings of loneliness and abandonment, emotional maladjustment and academic problems (p. 124-125). A new family structure is stressful for all family members with each alter the other. Higher levels of parental stress cause changes in the parent-child relationship putting it at risk.Lack of intercourse, conflict, hostility, stressors related to the divorce and the new family dynamics cause defeat and anger among the members. High rank of divorce continually influence the numerous studies conducted which look at their affects of divorce on childhood development. According to Sentse et al. (2011) 10-25% of children that experience a parental separation grow up to have more emotional and psychological problems (p. 98). These problems can stem from the broken family, previous marital conflict, loss of support from family and friends, econo mic disadvantage and parenting problems.In the current study by Sentse et al. , the researchers found parental separations main affect on developing children was externalizing problems although for about children the separation brought relief from all the marital conflicts. The study also found adolescences that were more temperamentally timorous had increased levels of internalizing behaviors some of the side effects of the fearful individual who experiences parental separation include withdrawal, ignored by peers, anxious or depressive feelings resulting in a cycle of negative symptoms which could result in mental health problems (p. 03). Depressive symptoms can stem from marital conflict and divorce cyclically, marital conflict and divorce can cause depressive symptoms.Mothers are particularly prone to depressive symptoms and clinical depression during highly stressful events in their lives such as marital conflict, separation or divorce. Mothers who are depressed are likely t o be less supportive and nurturing with their children and they are usually negative and critical which can lead to developmental problems such as internalizing and externalizing problems in their children (Connell, Hughes-Scalise, Klostermann & Azem, 2011, p. 53). Mothers with depression have higher rates of irritability and aggression, which in turn may induce distress, anger and behavior problems in children (Deboeck, Farris, Boker, & Borkowski, 2011, p. 1312). Deboeck et al. (2011) also finds that a mothers psychosocial health can directly affect the development of a child and, children of depressed mothers have difficulty regulating affect, have increased hyperactivity and attention deficits (p. 1313).Several studies have looked at maternal depressive symptoms and found a link between the mothers criticizing, hostile parenting causing externalizing behaviors in adolescents additionally, adolescents with depressed mothers were more likely to become depressed when they adolescent are faced with family conflict and discord (Allen & Manning, 2010, p. 833). Single motherhood is more stressful on both the mother and the children single mothers are more likely to be depressed than married mothers. Compared to single mothers, married mothers have better mental health (Afifi, T. O. , Cox, B. J. & Enns, M. W. , 2006, p. 122).There are at least 9. 5 million families in American in which single mothers are head of the household (Afifi et al. 2006). Parenting stress is unusually high in single-mother homes and mothers have greater financial difficulties, social isolation, and childcare responsibilities compared to mothers who are married (Afifi et al. & Taylor, Purswell, Lindo, Jayne, & Fernando, 2011). Past research has found identified stressors which negatively affect the psychological well-being of single mothers they are, low income, low education, family size, and ethnicity (Afifi et al. . 126).The results of Afifi et al. study found that psychiatric disorders in married mothers is lowest, with a slight increase in never married mothers, and the greatest increase was found in separated/divorced mothers however, previous research found that women going through a separation or divorce had higher rates of poor mental health onward the separation/divorce and after (Afifi et al. p. 127). Afifi et al. found that separated/divorced mothers had high levels of depression, dysthymia, GAD, alcohol abuse, PTSD, drug abuse, agoraphobia and antisocial personality disorder.Co-Parenting, Healthy Family Relationships, and Positive Outcomes Although marital conflict, separation/divorce, and poor parenting can adversely affect the home environment and negatively influence the development of children, there are positive factors which counter these adverse affects. Co-parenting is one of those factors. Co-parenting is associated with parents who mutually and cooperatively parent and raise their child together as a team. Although most of the research on co-pa renting has been done on married couples and get under ones skins, some does exist on co-parenting after the marital relationship has dissolved.Co-parenting can exist in families with marital conflict as part of a solution to positive parenting even in the midst of chaos and conflict. Positive co-parenting can buffer a child against the negative effects of marital conflict and divorce. There is change magnitude evidence which indicates that successful co-parenting relationships are beneficial for childrens socio-emotional development (Dush, Kotila, & Schoppe-Sullivan, 2011, p. 356). Other studies have found that co-parenting affects children positively by decreasing both internalizing and externalizing symptoms (Isacco, Garfield, & Rogers, 2010, p. 262).Healthy co-parenting relationships between separated or divorced couples can significantly improve the relationship between the non-residential father and the child it could also help improve the relationship between the mother and father by reducing conflict. Many divorced fathers are less involved with their children and co-parenting because of the relational conflict with the divorced mother. Dush et al. (2011) states the key ingredients for co-parenting includes joint enthronisation in the child, valuing the importance of each parent, respecting the others judgment, and ongoing, open communication (p. 357).A key factor for increasing healthy family relations and positive outcomes for children in families with marital conflict or divorce is active, supportive father involvement. As Dush et al. points out, cooperative co-parenting relationships may be key to fostering positive nonresidential father involvement and lower levels of inter-parental conflict which have been linked to childrens behavioral outcomes, academic achievement, and psychological well-being (p. 356).Another key component which fosters positive outcomes for children is father-child communication which has shown to decrease externalizing b ehaviors (Afifi et al. 2006) additionally, open communication within the parent-child relationship where the child feels comfortable talking with their parents about the divorce has shown that children cope better (Taylor et al. , 2011). A strong parent child relationship can help ameliorate many of these divorce difficulties (Taylor et al. 2011. p. 125). Family therapy is another positive component which can buffer the affects of marital conflict and divorce. Therapy can run support for family members, teach problem-solving skills, communications training, conflict management and resolution.

Friday, May 24, 2019

Information Seeking Behaviour of Primary School Teachers in Nigeria

TOPIC THE INFORMATION NEEDS, SOURCES AND SEEKING BEHAVIOUR OF TEACHERS IN NIGERIA PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN IBADAN. fuss STATEMENT Every human needs info to solve a given problem and make decisions. There have been studies that have been focusing on the behavioural patterns of information seeking of humans, organisations and systems, but majority of these studies have been mainly on the information seeking behaviour of higher education stakeholders, industrial, economic and complaisant societies.Studies have not been carried out on the educational grassroots (primary education). This study would focus on the patterns of information seeking behaviour of primary inform teachers. use of goods and services The purpose of this study is to explore the patterns in the information-seeking behaviour of teachers in primary schools in Ibadan metropolis. An in-depth analysis of what kind of information sources ar used to cater for the outgrowth needs a teacher, the channels used in conveying the se sources and the teacher motivation factor.It is hoped that this study will lead to a better understanding of the information needs of teachers in primary education. OBJECTIVES This study strives to assess the information needs and information seeking behaviour of teachers in primary schools in Ibadan metropolis. The objectives of this study ar a. To identify the information needs of teachers in primary schools their perceptual feelings that arise from these needs. b. To examine the selected attributes of information that primary school teachers value in their selection of information sources and content. . To identify the media/channels used to access their information. d. To identify the challenges in meeting their information needs. e. To examine teachers evaluation of selected information sources. RESEARCH QUESTIONS a. What are the main sources used by primary school teachers to meet their information needs? b. What are the major barriers in meeting their information needs? c . Do teachers get all the information required from the required sources? d. Are these sources of information sourced for within or outside the schooling environment? . What is the level of awareness, accessibility, availability and mirth teachers gain when using this information sources? f. What are the relationships between their information needs and selected demographic fact? SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS This study would be conducted with the awareness that certain limitations would be present during the design and the instruments used This study would only be focused on the information needs and seeking behaviour of public primary school teachers in LAGELU local government area of Ibadan Oyo state.

Thursday, May 23, 2019

Modern Audience Essay

It is unimaginable for a modern audition to feel leisurely with the Taming of The Shrew with c fall behind reference to Shakespe atomic number 18s presentation of Katharina, comic conventions and having the above mind in mind, write about your response to the ending of the processIn my opinion, The Taming of The Shrew tells the story of an abusive marriage and I would agree with the view that it is impossible for a modern audience to feel comfortable with the play, especially the conclusion of the story. Shakespeares presentation of Katharina at the end of the play seems to me to be one of a broken person she is almost robotic in her obedience and without spirit, except for when singing the praises of wifely submission. Thy husband is thy Lord, thy life, thy keeper, thy head, thy s everywhereeign is a prime example of the disturbing brainwash Petruchio has carried out on her. This humbled Kate is a far cry from the feisty Katharina we are first greeted by in fare 2, where she ex changes a vicious affair of words with Petruchio Asses are made to bear and so are you.This phrase in itself shows that she is fearless, and defies her societys conventions, cursing at strangers a sad bank line to the plays ending, where she has totally conformed to whats expected of her. The ending of the play also contains very little comedy, with the exception of the argument as to who is the real Vincentio, and the fight between Kate and the Widow. This is because the Taming of the termagant defies most Shakespearian comedy conventions, as the marriage takes place midway the play, rather than at then end as was traditional. I believe that this adds to the tenderness of the modern audience, as after the supposed happy ending we are faced with the harsh reality of Petruchios treatment of Kate.Shakespeare presents Katharina as alone changed by the end of the play. At first she is wild and seemingly untameable we see her tie up her sister and argue violently with both Petruchio and her father. So may you lose you arms, if you strike me, you are no gentleman, and if no gentleman, why then no arms Here, Shakespeare presents Katharina as highly skilled with word manipulation, generating humour with her insulting play on words with arms as she brands Petruchio simply a commoner if he would strike her.This is in stark contrast to the ending of the play where she seems to prevail no free will. She is practically enslaved to Petruchio, agreeing with his every thought and whim. An example of this is Act 4, Scene 5, Petruchio and Kate see Vincentio and Petruchio refers to him as a fair and lovely maid, instructing Kate to deal her for her beautys sake. Shakespeares use of a command word clearly shows Petruchios power and utter control in their relationship. Vincentio is on the face of it a man, but despite this, and despite a warning from Hortensio that this pretence will anger Vincentio, a will make the man mad, to make a woman of him, Kate does indeed embrace him for his beautys sake Young budding virgin, fair fresh and sweet.This elaborate language with its piling up of adjectives is an example of hyperbole used for comic effect. It is perhaps also, on a less humorous note, an instance of what many feminists would see as the darker side of The Taming of the Shrew, and the demise of Katherinas personality this is a strong interpretation as she could be seen to be using this elaborate language due to her desperation to please Petruchio or her fear of punishment. Petruchio further exerts his power over Kate by then changing his mind and accusing Kate of madness.I hope thou art not mad, this is a man she readily agrees, ignoring the fact that Petruchio has undermined and humiliated her, and begs for his pardon over her stupidity. This scene is a prime example of the change Petruchio has caused from Katharina to Kate. She is not the character we met in Act 2, and this transformation could be said to be uncomfortable for a modern audience to watch. It is unpleasant to see one human macrocosm so completely at the hands of another, and whether this total obedience is due to love, fear or desperation is down to the audience to decide. I think this adds a more trouble edge to the play as Shakespeare seems to condone Petruchios taming, or what most modern audiences would see as abuse.However, some critics, for instance Lucy Bailey, director for the RSC, have verbalise that the play is a curiously misunderstood love story, not the abusive tale of misogyny some modern audiences would see it as Bailey says that Petruchio and Kates leader is instant, and that what follows after their first meeting is simply fore-play. Nonetheless, this interpretation is hard to digest in the face of the cruelty Petruchio inflicts on Kate, why would a man in love treat the object of his affections desire one of his farm animals? This treatment is particularly shown during Act 4 where Petruchio begins his taming, he attempts to explicate Kate as one would train a dog. EXAMPLE. Evaluate language. Other critics have explained this treatment by saying that Petruchio is driven mad by grief after the death of his father he takes out his disaffection and anger on other people almost as an experiment. (Director David Farr)The best example of Shakespeares changing presentation of Katharina to Kate can be seen in the final scene, in her speech. She has not spoken for several pages, but then, on Petruchios command, launches into the longest speech in the entire play, expelling the virtues of being a good wife. The first reason that most modern audiences would find this scene uncomfortable to watch is the way that Petruchio instructs Kate to Tell these headstrong women what duty they do owe to their Lords and husbands.This phrase itself could be seen to be problematic for modern audiences to digest. In the 21st century, men and women are equal, so the way that Petruchio refers to men as Lords, implies a power and control over women that is uncomfortable for most modern audiences to hear. Shakespeare cleverly prioritises the word Lord over Husband in this line emphasising the debt Petruchio feels women owe their husbands, like peasants owe their Lords. In this statement, Petruchio also uses headstrong as an insult, whereas in modern Britain, although it can have negative connotations, headstrong is often a positive personality attribute, implying one knows ones own mind.The ending of The Taming of the Shrew contains very little comic elements, making it all the more uncomfortable. There is the scene in which Vincentio encounters the pedant impersonating himself .The audience has not seen Kate as impassioned during her speech since she was Katharina we see some of her old spark when she refers to Bianca and The Widow as froward and unable worms. However, this insult could be seen as a sad reflection of how Petruchio has twisted her feisty nature to suit his own needs. Most modern spectators would see the e ntire speech as improbably anti-feminist, and I believe that due to this it is impossible for most modern audiences to feel comfortable with The Taming of The Shrew. Kate suggests women should kneel for peace and place your hands below your husbands foot. These phrases evoke feelings of servitude and to most modern audiences are difficult to hear. Kates realisation that women are weak, their lances nothing but straws contrasts to her physical violence at the activate of the play where she attacks Petruchio. That Ill try (she strikes him).Shakespeare uses regal imagery in this speech to show the total infatuation and obedience Kate feels towards Petruchio. She refers to husbands and Lords, Sovereigns, Heads and Princes, and these words show the power Petruchio has over Kate and the power she believes all husbands should have over their wives one of absolute control, akin to the monarch. Shakespeares effective listing of these nouns emphasises Kates uncanny passion towards Petruchio and wifely obedience. Similes are also widely used in Kates final speech for example, to dart a scornful glance at ones husband blots thy beauty as frosts do bite the meads. Kate now believes that obedience is beauty, and for most modern audiences who live in a society where independence is valued and celebrated, it is impossible to feel comfortable with these ideas.

Wednesday, May 22, 2019

Components of Knowledge Systems

Comp angiotensin-converting enzyments of a fellowship worry System A Knowledge care System (KMS) refers to either a engineering- ground or non-technical interconnected congregation of buy the farms t lid have behaviour that enables or facilitates either (or a combination of) the discovery, capture, integration, sharing or economy of the familiarity directd by an governance to meet its objectives. It provide comprise a part of a Knowledge Management beginning(a) or dodging to improve the public utility company of an organisations intellectual capital. A knowledge circumspection carcass is inherently a soft open frame. This means that boundaries argon permeable and difficult to position.What may be useful to one person in one part of an organisation may be useless to someone else in an other department. Any knowledge management initiative must therefore establish clear achievable goals that deliver benefits to the organisation, or a sub-set of the organisation, and take into account user and stakeholder requirements. The key principle is that it must be useful and solve a problem. A successful knowledge management system is founded on a clear understanding of ? ? ? ? ? what the organisation considers to be organisational knowledge what the organisations knowledge goals are here knowledge resides in an organisation, and its form what knowledge components must be managed and finally the absolutely central consumption of people in any system. The essential components of a Knowledge Management System can be seen in the model at condition 1. Figure 1. Components of a Knowledge Management System The following table describes the components of a KMS. Component Description 1. Strategy A KMS should be part of a strategy that identifies the key needs and issues within the organisation, and provide a framework for addressing these. 1. 1. ProblemA problem or opportunity facing the organisation needs to exist. W hat special(prenominal) worldview justifies th e existence of a KM system? (What point of view makes this system meaningful? ) 1. 2. Purpose / objective A KMS should have an explicit Knowledge Management objective of some type such as collaboration, sharing good practice or the like. 1. 3. Policy Any KMS should be linked to an organisational policy 1. 4. ecesis Any KMS must be managed properly and a governance framework that articulates roles and responsibilities is a necessary part of a KMS. 1. 5. CultureThe culture, values and beliefs of the people within an organisation affects the way in which they may be receptive to a KMS. 1. 6. Risk W hat are the risks within an organisation to the success of a KMS? 2. Actors pot are central to any KMS and there are different participants with differing backgrounds and experiences. There are a number of roles to carry out a range of activities tangled in an effective KMS. 2. 1. Owner W ho owns the business process and has the authority to abolish this system or change its measures of p erformance? 2. 2. Source W ho/what currently holds the knowledge and where does it reside? . 3. Clients W ho are the beneficiaries of this particular system? (Who would benefit or suffer from its operations? ) 2. 4. Managers W ho is responsible for implementing this system? (Who would carry out the activities which make this system work? ) 2. 5. Enablers W ho else needs to be involved to make the knowledge system work such as IT administrators or HR support staff 2. 6. Boundary Spanners Those people who connect workgroups in the organisaiton 3. Infra organize Most KMSs will require some form of infrastructure to enable the system to function. 3. 1. FacilitiesW hat facilities are required to support the KMS function? 3. 2. Equipment W hat equipment is required to enable the KMS to function effectively? 3. 3. Repositories W here will the KMS store any information or knowledge? 3. 4. Instruments There may be a series of instruments, tools or templates required to support the capture, c reation and sharing of the corporate knowledge . This might also include directories, taxonomies or ontologies. 3. 5. Software Any software solutions that enable or comprise the KMS 3. 6. Networks The social or electronic networks that enable a KMS . 7. Hardware Is there are requirement for any additional hardware 4. Functionality KMSs are develop to support and enhance knowledge-intensive processes, tasks or projects of e. g. , creation, construction, identification, capturing, acquisition, selection, valuation, organization, linking, structuring, formalization, visualization, transfer, distribution, retention, maintenance, refinement, revision, evolution, accessing, retrieval and last but not least the occupation of knowledge, also called the knowledge life cycle. 4. 1. LogicA KMS may be based on some underpinning logic or conept 4. 2. Business rules Any system requires business rules to control the operation of the system. 4. 3. Transformation W hat transformation does this sys tem bring about? (What are the inputs and what transformation do they go by to become the outputs? ). There should be an transformation mode identified Socialisation alter / sharing Externalisation Knowledge capture Combination Business Intelligence Internalisation Knowledge Delivery 4. 4. Integration Does the KMS need to integrate with any other system? 4. 5. TailoringA KMS should sense the response of the invitee to the user of the KMS and preferably be able to adjust the mode, complexity, order and extent of the interaction being experienced by the client. 4. 6. Administration W hat administration is required in order to support the KMS? 4. 7. Reporting W hat reporting is required to support the management of the KMS? 4. 8. Procedures W hat processes need to be documented into procedures to be able to apply appropriate controls and guidance to support the KMS? 4. 9. Content Management W hat content management functionality is required to support the management of the KMS? 5.Delivery 5. 1. Mode Any KMS requires the delivery or facilitation of knowledge or a knowledge management service. coetaneous Technique Same Time, Same Place asynchronous Technique (AT) Different Time, Same Place Distributed Synchronous Collaboration (DSC) Same Time, Different Place Distributed Asynchronous Collaboration (DAC) Different Time, Different Place 5. 2. Facilitation A KMS must have an interface where people interact with the system. This could be a facilitator or utilise technology via Visual, Audio or Experiential/tactile modes to facilitate the interaction of the user/client with the system. . 3. Style The effectiveness of a KMS can be enhanced through the adoption of a style that is consistent with the culture of an organisation. Style sends important messages to a client about the KMS. 5. 4. Techniques Delivery of a KMS may require the application of skills and techniques in order to be successful. 5. 5. Access Control A KMS should identify and target clients to enable appropriate personnel and lock out inappropriate personnel. 5. 6. availability A KMS needs to be accessible to people with physical restrictions or a disability 5. 7. PersonalisationA KMS should be able to be personalised to suit the client 6. Content Some KMS will hold content to enable the system to function. 6. 1. Lifespan Content may be static, dynamic or compiled on the flee (mash-up) 6. 2. Authoring The content within a KMS needs to be effectively authored/prepared in a form that is usable to the client 6. 3. Publishing A publish process and model needs to be in place to authorise and control release of content 6. 4. Validation and referencing of Source Content needs to be obtained from authentic sources and the sources need to be identified and verifiable. 6. 5.Stewardship of the content Ownership/stewardship of the content is important as a management process to ensure the effective delivery and utilisation of the KMS 6. 6. round and update Any content held by a KMS should be subject to a review and update protocol. 6. 7. Security Any separate content held by a KMS must be adequately protected. 6. 8. Taxonomy Content held by a KMS may need to be sorted into an appropriate structure to enable easy discovery and use. 6. 9. Catalogue Any content held by a KMS may require cataloguing in order to better manage the information. 6. 10. var. ControlAny content held by a KMS should be subject to version control. 6. 11. Disposal Any content held by a KMS that is no longer relevant or valued should be disposed of. 7. Continuous improvement A KMS should be regularly reviewed to ensure that it is meeting the objectives identified in the strategy and requirements. 7. 1. Feedback Feedback on the utility of a KMS is important to identify issues that need to be addressed. 7. 2. Performance management A Performance Management sub-system should include Indicators, Levels/Measures, a collection process, analysis and reporting. 7. 3. Review and AuditThird par ty review or audit of the effectiveness of a KMS may be appropriate. 7. 4. Benefits Realisation Management of the KMS is required in order to ensure that the benefits are being realised and the organisation is achieving the objectives it set out to meet in the development and implementation of the KMS. References and Further Reading Durant-Law, G. , The Essential Components of a Knowledge Management System Knowledge Matters. Available at http//www. durantlaw. info/essential-components-ofknowledgemanagement-system Langton, N & Robbins, S. (2006). Organizational Behaviour (Fourth Canadian Edition).Toronto, Ontario Pearson Prentice Hall. Maier, R (2007) Knowledge Management Systems Information And conference Technologies for Knowledge Management. 3rd edition, Berlin Springer. Shelley, A, The Organizational Zoo Resources. Available at http//www. organizationalzoo. com/resources Snowden, D, Cognitive Edge. Available at http//www. cognitiveedge. com/blogs/dave/2009/09/defining_km. php Standards Australia, AS 5037-2005 Knowledge management a guide Tiwana, A. , 1999. Knowledge Management Toolkit, The Practical Techniques for Building a Knowledge Management System, Pearson Education.

Tuesday, May 21, 2019

Business Financing and the Capital Structure Essay

The fiscal market prepare is the area where companies engaged in financial trading are able to get capital to run. The financial market can also be referred to as capital markets. Stock markets are the place where companies come to trade among themselves they represent individual investors or corporate investors. Trade in stocks has been deemed among the most lucrative areas a person can trade in the returns are good. Stocks can simply be defined as shares bought for trading purposes and profits gained are ploughed back into the U.S. economy. (Saccomani and Chambers, 2008)Trade in U.S. financial markets fissure various benefits an organization can get loans to fund their activities through floating of bonds. When organizations are able to run efficiently then everybody gets to benefit, the government benefits through change magnitude tax collection and more people get employed.The stock market offer individuals an avenue to put their money in lucrative stock instruments where the cash are managed by financial experts. Individuals do non have to worry about their limited financial expertise because at the stock markets well sensible brokers or their employees go away help them. Individuals are offered a variety of trading avenues which involves minimal labor and less capital intensive. (Saccomani and Chambers, 2008)The Federal Reserve is a shit that is used to define the Central Bank in America. The bank was a creation of U.S. Congress for purpose of offering a safer and easier trading environment in America. The Fed is tasked with the management of the American monetary policy. They also regulate banks as well as monitoring risks at the stock markets. The Fed is comprised of seven members who settle the wag of governors. Members of the board also constitute the F.O.M.C. (Federal Open Markets Committee) this committee decides on what occupy rate to be charged by banks as well as purchase of treasuries. The Feds primary role is that of regulation. (Lta ifa et al, 2009)The Fed chairmans role is that of a supervisor he is tasked with the role of bringing the board to consensus of various monetary issues. The chairman is a presidential appointee hence he reports to the president from time to time on the countrys financial matters. The chairman also has the responsibility of steering the committee on interest rates. (Ltaifa et al, 2009)Departments or components of the Fed Reserve need to play their respective roles effectively so as to take the country in to financial success. The chairman should always maintain a steady control of all fiscal policies. The board should not enact self-centered policies that may endanger the banking sector or stock markets. The board and the chairman have to make prudent assessments of U.S. financial performance onwards taking any steps meant at changing any monetary policy.Interest rates affect the economy particularly the spending power of individuals. The rates charged on bank loans lays a heavy bur den on citizens the net effect is loans become expensive hence doing business becomes harder. Higher interest rates on returns at the stock markets offer a reversed effect to the citizen this brings about more disposable income because the return on investment is higher. (Batten and Szilagvi, 2011)The universe suffers when markets get affected by whatever elements this happens because the various economies around the world are interconnected hence any financial downfall of one will weaken the early(a). The Euro zone crisis is one such example where a problem begins in one country but after sometime affects a go of countries within same geographical location countries that trade together. In the U.S. such a crisis occurred between 2007-2010, individuals found themselves not being able to finance their loans and other credit obligations.Care and keenness is needed when one wishes to traverse this terrain.ReferencesSaccomanni, F., & Chambers, A. (2008).Managing international financi al instability National tamers versus global tigers. Cheltenham Edward Elgar.Ltaifa, Navil Ben, Kaendera, Stella, & Dixit, S. V. S. (2009).Impact of the Global Financial Crisis on Exchange Rates and Policies in Sub-saharan Africa. Intl Monetary Fund. Batten, J., & Szilagyi, P. G. (2011).The impact of the global financial crisis on emerging financial markets. Bingley, U.K Emerald.Source document

Monday, May 20, 2019

“Auto Wreck”- by Kart Shapiro Essay

In Auto Wreck, as the designation insinuates it, is a stain that describes a machine accident that takes bottom in a city, which means, that an ambulance, a hospital, the police, and the convention be the main actors when cobblers last is about to strike. In the development of the poem, Shapiro describes the atmosphere that surrounds a city at night when there is a car accident Blood all over the streets and gutters, the police binding the situation and the crowd observing the tragic accident, recalling conclusion as enemy. In a genuinely aro habit way, Shapiro describes the hurry, horror, and in a certain way, indifference of society towards an auto wreck, idealizing a space were these actors interact with integrity another creating a hostile atmosphere regarding death.In Mid-term break, the speaker is a boy that is at school in his daily routine, when it is interrupted by the news of his dead familiar. The situation takes place in two atmospheres the kids school were he heard the knelling bells that gives a feeling of fatality rate and his house were all the action takes place the familys grief, the funeral, the adults whispering and saying sorry, the ambulance, the four derriere box, and the piece of assdles. An good afternoon of sorrow and pain on a family environment, were death is perpetually present.Yet no one full understands death. In Shapiros poem Auto Wreck, heillustrates the irrationality of life for it can be taken away at any given cadence for no rational reason out. He uses a car accident to finely detail the reaction of society towards death and the real meaning that it represents to us. During the poem, he describes how a well established system that is made of ambulances, hospitals, police men and viewers, works at its given sequence to strike death. But despite all the efforts and effectiveness of the system, people themselves are incap equal to(p) of understanding death and its dualities (malignant neoplastic disease th at is both a flower that blooms and a tragic disease.) Society is scared and ignorant when it comes to death.Questions such as Who shall die? or Who is innocent? come to instinct with no reasonable answer every time we witness a tragic event. For Shapiro, Indeath, there exists firmly irrational causes for the loss of life. Death is a strange jungle, whose twisted, complicated and entangled vines represent the causes of it which can not be mapped out mathematically, but can be mapped out by the deranged explorer or the unique creator of that jungle, both of whom are irrational persons themselves.In Mid-term prison-breaking, Heaney starts the poem by mentioning the bells knelling that suggests a funeral bell, rather than a bell for school lessons (this feature automatically changes our mood). Since the narrator is a boy, this poem captures his unfolding consciousness of death by recounting the particulars of his fellowship being kept in the sick bay tree until his ride arrived, hi s fathers crying, the awkward manner of the old men, the poppy bruise on the corpses synagogue and the end, when he expresses deaths finality A four foot box, a foot for every year. Makes us think yonger ones are able to understand death better than adults, with a unique calmness he observed and described the situation from a different point of view, the mourning of the people around him never affected him, in a certain way,he was assuming death as he assumes life.Figures of speech Definition Auto Wreck Mid-Term BreakAlliteration The repetition of the same sounds or of the same kinds of sounds at the beginning of words or in stressed syllables. Its quick promiscuous silver bell beating, beating, A four foot box, a foot for every yearOnomatopoeia The formation or use of words that imitate the sounds associated with the objects or actions they refer to. and then the bell, breaking the hush, tolls onceHyperbole A figure of speech in which exaggeration is utilize for accent mark or effect. The ambulance at top speed floating downAnd stowed into the little hospitalOne with a bucket, douches, ponds of blood into the street and the gutterI sat all morning in the college sick baySimile A figure of speech in which two essentially unlike things are compared, lots in a phrase introduced by like or as. Pulsing out red baseless like an artery,Our throats tight as tourniquetsCancer simple as a flower, blooms He lay in the four foot box as in his cot.Oxymoron A rhetorical figure in which inharmonious or contradictory terms are combined. Its quick soft silverWings in s heavy curve, dips down,And breaks speed, entering the crowd.We speak with sickly smilesThe grim joke The door leap open, emptying cleverness In hers and coughed out angry tearless sightsSnowdrops and candles soothed the besideWearing a poppy bruise on his left templeMetaphor A figure of speech in which a word or phrase that usually designates one thing is utilise to designate another, thus making an implicit comparison. And down the dark one ruby flarePulsing out red light like an artery.One hangs lanterns on the wrecks that bindEmptying husks of locusts, to iron poles. A four foot box, a foot for every year counting bells knelling classes to a closeRhetorical question A question to which no answer is expected, often used for rhetorical effect. Who shall die?Who is innocent?Our throats were tight as tourniquets,Our feet were bound with splints,In this quote, Shapiro is trying to sketch an grasp of people in front of a car accident with tourniquets around their necks, supported and confined by splits that restrain the body from moving. this kind of image represents a situation were the crowd were stopped, almost speechless, as they gazed upon the wreckage contemplating the reason behind death. A shocking image by the way.And cancer simple as a flower, bloomsBy this quote Shapiro is making a comparison of what we understand as life and what we know about death. When a flower blooms, it is clearly full of life, is a stage were life can be seen at is best. And cancer will be the opposite, a stage were death is at is best. The thing is that, visually, both phenomenons are very similar, when the cancerous cells are seen with a microscope, they look like flowers, and they bloom rapidly. The thing is that we are not used to consider cancerous cells beautiful.In hers and coughed out angry tearless sighsThis image is quite effective with the use of textures, Heaney can make you can feel the mothers anger just by imagining the stock around you.Snowdrops and candles soothed the bedsideThis image Heaney uses two key elements that generate a tranquil and peaceful atmosphere, the snowdrops are soft and quiet, innocent and inoffensive and the candles symbolize the ritual, to make honor and to remember a loved one. Definitely a peaceful image.Wearing a poppy bruise on his left templeThe image is pure, the bruise is discrete.A four foot box, a foot for every yearBy t his quote, the boy is saying that his brother was four years old when he died, the image gives a certain relief, instead of crying for his brother, he uses his mind to analyze mathematically the situation. This image is very effective, it immediately make us feel that death is not chaos.The childs reaction towards death is completely different from the adult reaction towards it. The boy was describing the situation with a certain indifference of what happened, it seemed like the aura of death was unable to enter to his mind and body. He narrated as he was seated on a grandstand watching how the play develop and how the actor suffer during it According to his behavior, we could conclude that the boy wasnt hit by death, and in a certain way, he is able to manage it in a right way, determining the rituals and behaviors of adults when death is around, and creating a barrier that separates de morning of the heart from the logic of the brain. And this can be seen at the end of the poem A four foot box, a foot for every year he uses his logic, a math problem, no a heart one.

Sunday, May 19, 2019

The Da Vinci Code Chapter 73-77

CHAPTER 73Bour number Airfields night shift air traffic mastery had been dozing before a blank radar screen when the captain of the Judicial Police practic altogethery broke down his door.Teabings jet, Bezu Fache blared, process into the small tower, whither did it go?The controllers initial response was a babbling, lame attempt to protect the privacy of their British client unrivaled of the airfields most respected customers. It failed miserably.Okay, Fache said, I am placing you under arrest for permitting a hole-and-corner(a) plane to take off with push with registering a flight plan. Fache motioned to another officer, who approached with handcuffs, and the traffic controller entangle a surge of terror. He thought of the newspaper articles debating whether the nations police captain was a hero or a menace. That question had just been answered.Wait the controller hear himself whimper at the sight of the handcuffs. I prat tell you this much. Sir Leigh Teabing makes frequent trips to capital of the United Kingdom for medical treatments. He has a hangar at Biggin agglomerate executive director Airport in Kent. On the forthskirts of London.Fache waved off the slice with the cuffs. Is Biggin Hill his destination tonight?I dont know, the controller said honestly. The plane left on its usual tack, and his last radar contact suggested the United Kingdom. Biggin Hill is an extremely likely guess.Did he start others onboard?I swear, sir, at that place is no way for me to know that. Our clients nooky drive directly to their hangars, and load as they please. Who is onboard is the responsibility of the customs officials at the receiving airport.Fache checked his watch and gazed out at the scattering of jets parked in front of the terminal. If theyre going to Biggin Hill, how long until they land?The controller fumbled by means of his records. Its a short flight. His plane could be on the ground by around six-thirty. Fifteen transactions from now.Fache fro wned and turned to one of his men. Get a transport up here. Im going to London. And get me the Kent local police. non British MI5. I wish this quiet. Kent local.Tell them I want Teabings plane to be permitted to land. Then I want it surrounded on the tarmac. No system deplanes until I get there.CHAPTER 74Youre quiet, Langdon said, gazing across the Hawkers cabin at Sophie. scarcely tired, she replied. And the poem. I dont know. Langdon was encountering the same way. The hum of the engines and the gentle roc world-beater of the plane were hypnotic, and his oral sex shut up throbbed where hed been hit by the monk. Teabing was still in the bear out of the plane, and Langdon decided to take advantage of the spot alone with Sophie to tell her something that had been on his mind. I conceptualize I know part of the reason why your grandpa conspired to put us together. I think theres something he wanted me to explain to you.The history of the Holy Grail and Mary Magdalene isnt li beral?Langdon felt uncertain how to proceed. The rift between you. The reason you havent spoken to him in ten years. I think maybe he was hoping I could somehow make that dependable by explaining what drove you apart.Sophie squirmed in her seat. I havent told you what drove us apart. Langdon eyed her carefully. You witnessed a excite rite. Didnt you? Sophie recoiled. How do you know that? Sophie, you told me you witnessed something that convinced you your grandad was in a secret society. And whatever you saw upset you enough that you havent spoken to him since. I know a fair amount about secret societies. It doesnt take the brains of Da Vinci to guess what you saw. Sophie stared. Was it in the spring? Langdon asked. one- clock(prenominal) around the equinox? Mid-March?Sophie looked out the window. I was on spring break from university. I came home a few days early.You want to tell me about it?Id rather not. She turned suddenly back to Langdon, her eye welling with sense. I dont know what I saw.Were both men and women present? After a beat, she nodded. Dressed in lily-white and blackness?She wiped her look and and then nodded, seeming to open up a little. The women were in white gossamer gowns with golden shoes. They held golden orbs. The men wore black tunics and black shoes.Langdon strained to hide his emotion, and yet he could not believe what he was hearing. Sophie Neveu had unwittingly witnessed a both-thousand-year-old ineffable ceremony. Masks? he asked, keeping his voice calm. androgynous masks?Yes. Everyone. Identical masks. White on the women. Black on the men.Langdon had read descriptions of this ceremony and understood its mystic roots. Its mobilizeed Hieros Gamos, he said softly. It dates back more than two thousand years. Egyptian priests and priestesses performed it regularly to celebrate the reproductive causality of the female, He pa utilise, leaning toward her. And if you witnessed Hieros Gamos without being properly prepared to understand its meaning, I imagine it would be reasonably shocking.Sophie said nothing.Hieros Gamos is Greek, he continued. It means sacred marriage.The ritual I saw was no marriage. Marriage as in confederation, Sophie. You mean as in sex. No.No? she said, her olive eyes testing him.Langdon backpedaled. strong yes, in a manner of speaking, yet not as we understand it today. He explained that although what she saw credibly looked like a sex ritual, Hieros Gamos had nothing to do with eroticism. It was a spiritual act. Historically, intercourse was the act by which male and female experienced divinity. The ancients believed that the male was spiritually in discern until he had carnal knowledge of the sacred feminine. Physical union with the female remained the sole means through with(predicate) which man could become spiritually complete and ultimately achieve gnosis knowledge of the divine. Since the days of Isis, sex rites had been considered mans further bridge from earth to heaven. By communing with woman, Langdon said, man could achieve a climactic instant when his mind went totally blank and he could see God.Sophie looked skeptical. advent as prayer?Langdon gave a noncommittal shrug, although Sophie was essentially correct. Physiologically speaking, the male climax was accompanied by a split second all in all devoid of thought. A brief mental vacuum. A moment of clarity during which God could be glimpsed. Meditation gurus achieved similar states of thoughtlessness without sex and often described promised land as a never- ending spiritual orgasm.Sophie, Langdon said restfully, its important to remember that the ancients view of sex was altogether opposite from ours today. Sex begot new life the ultimate miracle and miracles could be performed only by a god. The mightiness of the woman to produce life from her womb made her sacred. A god. Intercourse was the revered union of the two halves of the human spirit male and female through which t he male could adventure spiritual wholeness and share-out with God. What you saw was not about sex, it was about spirituality. The Hieros Gamos ritual is not a perversion. Its a deeply strong ceremony.His words seemed to strike a nerve. Sophie had been remarkably poised all evening, but now, for the first time, Langdon saw the standard atmosphere of composure beginning to crack. Tears materialized in her eyes again, and she dabbed them away with her sleeve.He gave her a moment. Admittedly, the concept of sex as a pathway to God was mind-boggling at first. Langdons Jewish students always looked flabbergasted when he first told them that the early Jewish tradition involved ritualistic sex. In the Temple, no less.Early Jews believed that the Holy of Holies in Solomons Temple housed not only God but besides His powerful female equal, Shekinah. Men want spiritual wholeness came to the Temple to visit priestesses or hierodules with whom they made experiencemaking and experienced the divine through physical union. The Jewish tetragrammaton YHWH the sacred name of God in circumstance derived from Jehovah, an androgynous physical union between the masculine Jah and the pre-Hebraic name for Eve, Havah.For the early church building, Langdon explained in a soft voice, man manikins use of sex to pass on directly with God posed a serious threat to the Catholic power base. It left the perform out of the loop, undermining their self-proclaimed status as the sole conduit to God. For obvious reasons, they worked hard to demonize sex and recast it as a disgusting and sinful act. Other major religions did the same.Sophie was silent, but Langdon sensed she was starting to understand her granddaddy better. Ironically, Langdon had made this same point in a class lecture earlier this semester. Is it surprising we feel conflicted about sex? he asked his students. Our ancient heritage and our very physiologies tell us sex is indwelling a cherished route to spiritual fu lfillment and yet modern religion decries it as shameful, tenet us to fear our sexual desire as the hand of the devil.Langdon decided not to shock his students with the fact that more than a dozen secret societies around the world many of them quite influential still practiced sex rites and kept the ancient traditions alive. Tom Cruises character in the film Eyes across-the-board Shut discovered this the hard way when he sneaked into a private gathering of ultraelite Manhattanites only to find himself witnessing Hieros Gamos. Sadly, the filmmakers had gotten most of the specifics wrong, but the basic gist was there a secret society communing to celebrate the conjuring trick of sexual union.Professor Langdon? A male student in back raised his hand, sounding hopeful. are you saying that instead of going to chapel, we should have more sex?Langdon chuckled, not about to take the bait. From what hed hear about Harvard parties, these kids were having more than enough sex. Gentleme n, he said, knowing he was on tender ground, might I offer a suggestion for all of you. Without being so bold as to condone antenuptial sex, and without being so naive as to think youre all chaste angels, I will snap off you this bit of advice about your sex lives.All the men in the audience leaned forward, listening intently.The next time you find yourself with a woman, look in your heart and see if you cannot approach sex as a mystical, spiritual act. Challenge yourself to find that spark of divinity that man can only achieve through union with the sacred feminine.The women smiled knowingly, nodding.The men exchanged dubious giggles and off-color jokes. Langdon sighed. College men were still boys.Sophies forehead felt cold as she pressed it against the planes window and stared blankly into the void, trying to process what Langdon had just told her. She felt a new regret well within her. Ten years.She pictured the stacks of unopened letters her grandfather had sent her. I will te ll Robert everything.Without round from the window, Sophie began to speak. Quietly. Fearfully.As she began to recount what had happened that night, she felt herself drifting back alighting in the woods outside her grandfathers Normandy chateau searching the deserted house in confusion hearing the voices under her and then finding the hidden door. She inched down the stone staircase, one step at a time, into that root cellar grotto. She could taste the earthy air. Cool and light. It was March. In the shadows of her hiding place on the staircase, she watched as the strangers swayed and chanted by flickering orange candles.Im dreaming, Sophie told herself. This is a dream. What else could this be?The women and men were staggered, black, white, black, white. The womens beautiful gossamer gowns billowed as they raised in their right hands golden orbs and called out in unison, I was withyou in the beginning, in the dawn of all that is holy, I bore you from the womb before the start of day.The women lowered their orbs, and everyone rocked back and forth as if in a trance. They were revering something in the center of the mess.What are they looking at?The voices accelerated now. Louder. Faster.The woman whom you behold is love The women called, raising their orbs again. The men responded, She has her dwelling in eternityThe chanting grew steady again. Accelerating. Thundering now. Faster. The participants stepped inward and knelt.In that instant, Sophie could finally see what they were all watching.On a low, ornate altar in the center of the circle lay a man. He was naked, positioned on his back, and wearing a black mask. Sophie instantly recognized his body and the birthmark on his shoulder. She almost cried out. Grand-pere This image alone would have shocked Sophie beyond belief, and yet there was more.Straddling her grandfather was a naked woman wearing a white mask, her luxuriant silver cop flowing out behind it. Her body was plump, far from perfect, and she was gyrating in rhythm to the chanting making love to Sophies grandfather.Sophie wanted to turn and run, but she couldnt. The stone walls of the grotto imprisoned her as the chanting rose to a fever pitch. The circle of participants seemed almost to be singing now, the noise rising in crescendo to a frenzy. With a sudden roar, the entire room seemed to erupt in climax. Sophie could not breathe. She suddenly realized she was quietly sobbing. She turned and staggered silently up the stairs, out of the house, and drove trembling back to Paris.CHAPTER 75The chartered turbo-propeller plane was just passing over the twinkling lights of Monaco when Aringarosa hung up on Fache for the second time. He reached for the airsickness hold again but felt too drained even to be sick.Just let it be overFaches newest update seemed unfathomable, and yet almost nothing tonight made sense anymore. What is going on? Everything had spiraled wildly out of control. What have I gotten Silas into? What have I gotten myself intoOn shaky legs, Aringarosa walked to the cockpit. I compulsion to change destinations. The vaporize glanced over his shoulder and laughed. Youre joking, right? No. I have to get to London immediately. Father, this is a charter flight, not a taxi.I will pay you extra, of course. How much? London is only one hour farther north and requires almost no change of direction, so Its not a question of money, Father, there are other issues. Ten thousand euro. Right now. The operate turned, his eyes all-inclusive with shock. How much? What kind of priest carries that kind of cash?Aringarosa walked back to his black briefcase, opened it, and removed one of the bearer bonds. He handed it to the buff.What is this? the pilot demanded.A ten-thousand-euro bearer bond drawn on the Vatican Bank. The pilot looked dubious. Its the same as cash.Only cash is cash, the pilot said, handing the bond back.Aringarosa felt weak as he steadied himself against the cockpit door. This is a matter of life or death. You must help me. I need to get to London.The pilot eyed the bishops gold ring. Real diamonds?Aringarosa looked at the ring. I could not possibly part with this. The pilot shrugged, turning and foc apply back out the windshield. Aringarosa felt a deepening sadness. He looked at the ring. Everything it stand for was about to be lost to the bishop anyway. After a long moment, he slid the ring from his finger and place it gently on the instrument panel.Aringarosa slunk out of the cockpit and sat back down. Fifteen seconds later, he could feel the pilot banking a few more degrees to the north.Even so, Aringarosas moment of glory was in shambles.It had all begun as a holy cause. A brilliantly crafted scheme. Now, like a house of cards, it was collapsing in on itself and the end was nowhere in sight.CHAPTER 76Langdon could see Sophie was still shaken from recounting her experience of Hieros Gamos. For his part, Langdon was amazed to have heard it. not only had Sophie witnessed the full-blown ritual, but her own grandfather had been the celebrant the Grand Master of the Priory of Sion. It was intoxicating company. Da Vinci, Botticelli, Isaac Newton, Victor Hugo, Jean CocteauJacquesSauniere.I dont know what else I can tell you, Langdon said softly.Sophies eyes were a deep green now, tearful. He raised me like his own daughter.Langdon now recognized the emotion that had been growing in her eyes as they spoke. It was remorse. Distant and deep. Sophie Neveu had shunned her grandfather and was now seeing him in an entirely different light.Outside, the dawn was coming fast, its crimson aura gathering off the starboard. The earth was still black beneath them.Victuals, my dears? Teabing rejoined them with a flourish, presenting several cans of Coke and a box of old crackers. He apologized profusely for the bound fare as he doled out the goods. Our friend the monk isnt talking yet, he chimed, but part him time. He bit into a cracker and eyed the poem. So, my lovely, any headway? He looked at Sophie. What is your grandfather trying to tell us here? Where the devil is this headstone? This headstone praised by Templars. Sophie shook her head and remained silent. While Teabing again dug into the verse, Langdon popped a Coke and turned to the window, his thoughts awash with images of secret rituals and unbroken codes. A headstone praised by Templarsis the key.He took a long sip from the can. A headstone praised by Templars.The cola was warm.The dissolution veil of night seemed to evaporate quickly, and as Langdon watched the transformation, he saw a shimmering ocean stretch out beneath them. The English Channel.It wouldnt be long now.Langdon willed the light of day to bring with it a second kind of illumination, but the lighter it became outside, the further he felt from the truth. He heard the rhythms of iambic pentameter and chanting, Hieros Gamos and sacred rites, resonating with the rumble of the jet.A headstone praised by Templars.The plane was over land again when a daunt of enlightenment struck him. Langdon set down his empty can of Coke hard. You wont believe this, he said, turning to the others. The Templar headstone I figured it out.Teabings eyes turned to saucers. You know where the headstone is? Langdon smiled. Not where it is. What it is. Sophie leaned in to hear.I think the headstone references a literal stone head,Langdon explained, savoring the familiar excitement of academic breakthrough. Not a grave marker.A stone head? Teabing demanded. Sophie looked equally confused. Leigh, Langdon said, turning, during the Inquisition, the Church accused the Knights Templar of all kinds of heresies, right?Correct. They fabricated all kinds of charges. Sodomy, urination on the cross, devil godliness, quite a list.And on that list was the worship of false idols, right? Specifically, the Church accused the Templars of secretly performing rituals in which they prayed to a carved stone head the irreli gious god Baphomet Teabing blurted. My heavens, Robert, youre right A headstone praised by TemplarsLangdon quickly explained to Sophie that Baphomet was a pagan fertility god associated with the creative force of reproduction. Baphomets head was represented as that of a ram or goat, a common symbol of procreation and fecundity. The Templars honored Baphomet by encircling a stone riposte of his head and chanting prayers.Baphomet, Teabing tittered. The ceremony honored the creative magic of sexual union, but Pope merciful convinced everyone that Baphomets head was in fact that of the devil. The Pope used the head of Baphomet as the linchpin in his case against the Templars.Langdon concurred. The modern belief in a horned devil known as morning star could be traced back to Baphomet and the Churchs attempts to recast the horned fertility god as a symbol of evil. The Church had obviously succeeded, although not entirely. Traditional American Thanksgiving tables still bore pagan, horn ed fertility symbols. The magnificence or horn of plenty was a tribute to Baphomets fertility and dated back to Zeus being suckled by a goat whose horn broke off and magically filled with fruit. Baphomet also appeared in group photographs when some joker raised two fingers behind a friends head in the V-symbol of horns certainly few of the pranksters realized their mocking gesture was in fact advertising their victims robust sperm count.Yes, yes, Teabing was saying excitedly. Baphomet must be what the poem is referring to. A headstone praised by Templars.Okay, Sophie said, but if Baphomet is the headstone praised by Templars, then we have a new dilemma. She pointed to the dials on the cryptex. Baphomet has eight letters. We only have room for five.Teabing grinned broadly. My dear, this is where the Atbash goose egg comes into playCHAPTER 77Langdon was impressed. Teabing had just finished writing out the entire twenty-two-letter Hebrew alphabet alef-beit from memory. Granted, he d used Roman equivalents rather than Hebrew characters, but even so, he was now reading through them with perfect pronunciation.A B G D H V Z Ch T Y K L M N S O P Tz Q R Sh ThAlef, Beit, Gimel, Dalet, Hei, Vav, Zayin, Chet, Tet, Yud, Kaf, Lamed, Mem, Nun, Samech, Ayin, Pei, Tzadik, Kuf, Reish, Shin, and Tav. Teabing dramatically mopped his brow and plowed on. In formal Hebrew spelling, the vowel sounds are not written. Therefore, when we write the word Baphomet using the Hebrew alphabet, it will lose its three vowels in translation, leaving us Five letters, Sophie blurted.Teabing nodded and began writing again. Okay, here is the proper spelling of Baphomet inHebrew letters. Ill sketch in the missing vowels for claritys sake.B a P V o M e ThRemember, of course, he added, that Hebrew is normally written in the opposite direction, but we can just as easily use Atbash this way. Next, all we have to do is create our switching scheme by rewriting the entire alphabet in reverse order o pposite the captain alphabet.Theres an easier way, Sophie said, taking the pen from Teabing. It works for all reflectional substitution ciphers, including the Atbash. A little trick I learned at the Royal Holloway. Sophie wrote the first half of the alphabet from left to right, and then, beneath it, wrote the second half, right to left. Cryptanalysts call it the fold-over. Half as complicated. Twice as clean.ABGDHVZChTYKThShRQTzPOSNMLTeabing eyed her handiwork and chuckled. Right you are. Glad to see those boys at the Holloway are doing their job. spirit at Sophies substitution matrix, Langdon felt a rising prime that he imagined must have rivaled the thrill felt by early scholars when they first used the Atbash Cipher to decrypt the now famous conundrum of Sheshach.For years, religious scholars had been baffled by biblical references to a city called Sheshach.The city did not appear on any map nor in any other documents, and yet it was mentioned repeatedly in the Book of Jeremi ah the king of Sheshach, the city of Sheshach, the people of Sheshach. Finally, a scholar applied the Atbash Cipher to the word, and his results were mind-numbing. The cipher revealed that Sheshach was in fact a code word for another very well-known city. The decryption process was simple.Sheshach, in Hebrew, was spelled Sh-Sh-K.Sh-Sh-K, when placed in the substitution matrix, became B-B-L.B-B-L, in Hebrew, spelled Babel.The mysterious city of Sheshach was revealed as the city of Babel, and a frenzy of biblical question ensued. Within weeks, several more Atbash code words were uncovered in the Old Testament, unveiling numberless hidden meanings that scholars had no idea were there.Were getting close, Langdon whispered, unable to control his excitement.Inches, Robert, Teabing said. He glanced over at Sophie and smiled. You active? She nodded. Okay, Baphomet in Hebrew without the vowels reads B-P-V-M-Th.Now we simply apply your Atbash substitution matrix to translate the letters i nto our five-letter password.Langdons heart pounded. B-P-V-M-Th.The sunshine was pouring through the windows now. He looked at Sophies substitution matrix and slowly began to make the conversion. B is ShP is VTeabing was grinning like a schoolboy at Christmas. And the Atbash Cipher reveals He stopped short. Good God His face went white.Langdons head snapped up.Whats wrong? Sophie demanded.You wont believe this. Teabing glanced at Sophie. Especially you. What do you mean? she said. This is ingenious, he whispered. suddenly ingenious Teabing wrote again on the paper. Drumroll, please. Here is your password. He showed them what he had written.Sh-V-P-Y-ASophie scowled. What is it?Langdon didnt recognize it either.Teabings voice seemed to tremble with awe. This, my friend, is really an ancient word of wisdom.Langdon read the letters again. An ancient word of wisdom frees this scroll.An instant later he got it. He had never seen this coming. An ancient word of wisdom Teabing was laughin g. Quite literally Sophie looked at the word and then at the dial. Immediately she realized Langdon and Teabing had failed to see a serious glitch. Hold on This cant be the password, she argued. The cryptex doesnt have an Sh on the dial. It uses a traditional Roman alphabet.Read the word, Langdon urged. Keep in mind two things. In Hebrew, the symbol for the sound Sh can also be pronounced as S, depending on the accent. Just as the letter P can be pronounced F.SVFYA? she thought, puzzled.Genius Teabing added. The letter Vav is often a placeholder for the vowel sound O Sophie again looked at the letters, attempting to sound them out. S o f y a.She heard the sound of her voice, and could not believe what she had just said. Sophia? This spells Sophia?Langdon was nodding enthusiastically. Yes Sophia literally means wisdom in Greek. The root of your name, Sophie, is literally a word of wisdom.Sophie suddenly missed her grandfather immensely. He encrypted the Priory keystone with my name. A statute mile caught in her throat. It all seemed so perfect. But as she turned her gaze to the five lettered dials on the cryptex, she realized a problem still existed. But wait the word Sophia has six letters.Teabings smile never faded. Look at the poem again. Your grandfather wrote, An ancient word of wisdom. Yes? Teabing winked. In ancient Greek, wisdom is spelled S-O-F-I-A.